149th Anniversary of the Battle of Mill Springs

Today is the 149th anniversary of one of those Civil War battles that has several names. This engagement in Pulaski County, Kentucky, near the town of Somerset, is probably best known as the Battle of Mill Springs, but it was also called the Battle of Logan's Crossroads and the Battle of Fishing Creek. Several interesting personalities participated in the battle, which was fought in a cold rainstorm. Union General George Thomas, who would go on to win fame for his defensive stand at the Battle of Chickamauga, and decisive win at the Battle of Nashville, commanded the Northern forces. Confederate general, Tennessean Felix Zollicoffer was killed here, allegedly by Kentuckian Speed Fry. Fry would later become a general and would issue the infamous order to expel USCT soldiers' families from Camp Nelson in the winter of 1864, causing numerous deaths. In overall command of the Confederate forces was George Bibb Crittenden, son of Kentucky senator John J. Crittenden, and brother to Union general Thomas L. Crittenden.

The following summary of the battle is from the Civil War Trust's website:

The Battle of Mill Springs
Logan's Cross Roads
January 19, 1862

Although Brig. Gen. Felix K. Zollicoffer’s main responsibility was to guard Cumberland Gap, in November 1861 he advanced west into Kentucky to strengthen control in the area around Somerset. He found a strong defensive position at Mill Springs and decided to make it his winter quarters. He fortified the area, especially both sides of the Cumberland River. Union Brig. Gen. George Thomas received orders to drive the Rebels across the Cumberland River and break up Maj. Gen. George B. Crittenden’s army. He left Lebanon and slowly marched through rain-soaked country, arriving at Logan’s Crossroads on January 17, where he waited for Brig. Gen. A. Schoepf’s troops from Somerset to join him. Maj. Gen. George Crittenden, Zollicoffer’s superior, had arrived at Mill Springs and taken command of the Confederate troops. He knew that Thomas was in the vicinity and decided that his best defense was to attack the Yankees. The Rebels attacked Thomas at Logan’s Crossroads at dawn on January 19. Unbeknownst to the Confederates, some of Schoepf’s troops had arrived and reinforced the Union force. Initially, the Rebel attack forced the first unit it hit to retire, but stiff resistance followed and Zollicoffer was killed. The Rebels made another attack but were repulsed. Union counterattacks on the Confederate right and left were successful, forcing them from the field in a retreat that ended in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Mill Springs, along with Middle Creek, broke whatever Confederate strength there was in eastern Kentucky. Confederate fortunes did not rise again until summer when Gen. Braxton Bragg launched his offensive into Kentucky. Mill Springs was the larger of the two Union Kentucky victories in January 1862. With these victories, the Federals carried the war into Middle Tennessee in February.

For more information on the Battle of Mill Springs including maps go to the Civil War Trust's page on the battle at: http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/mill-springs.html